An estimated one in nine women will develop breast cancer during her lifetime, making
it the most common form of cancer affecting women. In recent years, however, the
breast cancer recovery rate has increased, thanks to improved treatments and early
detection by mammogram.
There are three breast health practices aimed at detecting signs of cancer.
- Breast awareness. Simple, quick and free, this approach helps women
of all ages get to know the normal look and feel of their breasts.
That way, they can quickly detect any changes and report them to their doctor in
a timely manner. There is no right or wrong way to do this. The important thing
is to examine the entire area of breast tissue (see diagram below).
- A clinical examination of the breasts by a qualified health professional
every year, starting at age 20.
- Mammograms every two years, starting at 50 (or
40 if your doctor feels this is necessary, based on your family history).
How to be "breast aware"
What to look for
Breasts
- Change in only one breast
- Change in size or shape
- Inflammation of the breast or arm
- Visible or palpable lump (breast or armpit)
Skin
- Discolouration
- Orange peel skin
- Thickening
- Dimpling or puckering
- Redness
- Increased warmth in the breast area
- More visible veins
- Ulceration or sores
Nipples
- Change in appearance
- Deviation
- Discharge
- Nipple inversion (turned inward)
- Eczema
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
It is important to see a doctor as soon as any unusual lump is found. A mammogram,
combined with a complete physical examination, will be used to screen for any abnormalities.
If the doctor suspects that these changes are due to cancer, he or she will use
imaging techniques, which help to investigate further and establish a cancer’s degree
of malignancy. In certain cases, a biopsy may also be necessary. Cancer not treated
early can metastasize and spread to other parts of the body.
How is breast cancer treated?
Various types of treatments can be recommended or prescribed, depending on the cancer’s
stage of development. The main treatment options are chemotherapy, radiation therapy,
hormonal treatment, lumpectomy (removal of some of the breast), mastectomy or a
combination of these.
Pharmacy services
Do you need more information on the prevention and treatment of breast cancer? Talk
to your family pharmacist, who can answer your questions or point you in the right
direction.
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